How is Vertigo Diagnosed? Key Tests and Procedures Explained

Vertigo is a condition that causes dizziness, imbalance, and a sensation of spinning, which can disrupt everyday life. However, vertigo is not a disease itself but a symptom of various underlying conditions affecting the inner ear, brain, or nervous system. To effectively treat vertigo, it is crucial to diagnose the root cause accurately. This article provides an in-depth look at diagnosing vertigo, highlighting the key tests and procedures that doctors use.

Physical Examination

The first step in diagnosing vertigo is a thorough physical examination by a specialist. Dr. Kunal Bahrani, regarded as the Best Doctor for Vertigo Treatment in Faridabad, typically starts with a detailed medical history review and physical exam. The doctor may ask questions about the onset, frequency, and severity of the vertigo symptoms, as well as any potential triggers like head movements or sudden changes in position.

During the exam, the doctor will look for any visible signs of dizziness, such as unsteadiness while walking, abnormal eye movements (nystagmus), or difficulties with coordination. These physical clues help guide the next steps in determining the underlying cause of vertigo.

Balance Tests

Balance tests are critical in the diagnosis of vertigo, as they help assess how well the body’s balance system (vestibular system) is functioning. There are several types of balance tests that a specialist may use:

1. Romberg Test: This simple test checks for unsteadiness. The patient is asked to stand with their feet together, arms at their sides, and eyes closed. If the patient sways or loses balance, it can be an indication of a balance issue related to vertigo.
2. Dix-Hallpike Maneuver: This test is commonly used to diagnose Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV). The doctor asks the patient to sit upright on an examination table, then quickly lowers them to a lying position while turning the head to one side. If the patient experiences vertigo or nystagmus (uncontrolled eye movements) during the maneuver, it confirms a BPPV diagnosis.
3. Head Impulse Test: This test helps assess the function of the inner ear. The patient is asked to focus on a target, and the doctor quickly moves the patient’s head to one side. If the eyes make corrective movements after the head is moved, it indicates a vestibular system problem.
4. Electronystagmography (ENG) or Videonystagmography (VNG): These tests measure eye movements to assess the balance system. ENG uses electrodes, while VNG uses a video camera to track eye movements in response to changes in head position or visual stimuli. Abnormal eye movements can indicate vertigo caused by inner ear problems.

Imaging Tests

When the physical exam and balance tests suggest that vertigo may be due to an issue within the brain or central nervous system, imaging tests like CT scans or MRIs are often required. Imaging helps doctors rule out serious conditions such as stroke, brain tumors, or multiple sclerosis, which can sometimes present with vertigo symptoms.

1. CT scan (Computed Tomography): A CT scan uses X-rays to create detailed images of the brain and inner ear. It can detect abnormalities like tumors, bleeding, or structural changes that may cause vertigo.
2. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): An MRI provides highly detailed images of the brain and nervous system using magnetic fields and radio waves. This test is particularly useful for diagnosing conditions such as multiple sclerosis or acoustic neuromas (tumors on the nerve that connects the ear to the brain).

Hearing Tests (Audiometry)

Since vertigo is often linked to inner ear disorders, hearing tests are frequently performed as part of the diagnostic process. An audiometry test measures the patient’s ability to hear different pitches and volumes of sound. Conditions like Meniere’s disease, which causes vertigo, often lead to hearing loss or changes in hearing, making these tests crucial for diagnosis.

Specialized Vertigo Tests

For complex cases of vertigo, more specialized tests may be required. One such test is the Rotary Chair Test, which evaluates the function of the inner ear by rotating the patient in a motorized chair while monitoring eye movements. Another is the Posturography Test, which assesses how the patient responds to changes in balance while standing on a moving platform.

Conclusion

Diagnosing vertigo involves a comprehensive approach that combines a detailed physical examination, balance tests, hearing evaluations, and imaging techniques. Each test provides valuable insights into the cause of vertigo, allowing doctors to pinpoint the underlying issue and recommend the best treatment plan. If you or a loved one is experiencing vertigo, it is essential to consult a specialist to receive an accurate diagnosis.

Dr. Kunal Bahrani, the Best Neurologist in Faridabad, is renowned for his expertise in diagnosing and treating vertigo. As the Best Vertigo Treatment Doctor in Faridabad, Dr. Bahrani uses state-of-the-art techniques and personalized care to help patients regain their balance and lead healthier lives. If you’re looking for the Best Doctor for Vertigo Treatment in Faridabad, Dr. Kunal Bahrani is the go-to expert for effective and compassionate care.